Water and Acetic Acid

Do the following problems in your lab notebook. Be sure to specify the knowns & unknowns, the formulas used, show your work with labeled units and round you’re answers to the appropriate significant figures. 15-1 Molarity Problems: (M = moles/ liter ) 1. What is the molar concentration of a 415 ml solution containing 0. 745 moles of HCl? (A: 1. 80 M HCl) 2. What is the molar concentration of an acetic acid (CH3COOH) solution containing 3. 21 moles in 4. 50 liters? (A: 0. 713 M) 3. How many moles of KI are present in 125 ml of 0. 500 M KI? (A: 0. 0625 mol KI) 4. How many moles of ammonia (NH3) are present in . 360 L of 2. 3 M NH3 solution in water? (A: 0. 767 mol NH3) 5. How many liters of water are required to prepare a solution of 7. 25 M MgCl2 from 4. 89 moles of MgCl2? (A: 0. 674 L) 6. What is the molarity of a solution prepared by adding 58. 5 g of NaCl to 230 ml of H2O?(A: 4. 3 M NaCl) 7. What is the molarity of a KNO3 solution prepared by adding 151. 5g of KNO3 to 300ml of H2O? (A: 5. 00 M KNO3) 8. How many grams of NaOH are required to prepare 2. 0 liters of 2. 5 M NaOH solution in water? (A: 200g NaOH) 9. What is the molarity of a soltuion prepared by dissolving 5. 68 g of NaOH in enough water to make 400. ml of solution? (A: 0. 55M) 10. If a 2. 34 g sample of dry ice, CO2, is dropped into a sealed 500 ml bottle of orange cool aid, and the CO2 gas released dissolves virtually completely in the cool-aid, what is the approximate concentration of CO2 in the now carbonated cool aid? (A: 0. 1 M) 11. How many grams of HCl are required to prepare 250 ml of a 0. 158M solution? (A: 1. 5g) 12. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. What is the molarity of the solution produced when 125g of acetic acid (C2H4O2) is dissolved in sufficient water to prepare 1. 50 L of solution? (A: 1. 39M)13. How many grams of bromine, Br2, are needed to prepare 0. 500 L of a 0. 100M solution in water? (A: 0. 799g) Lab Prep: Calculate the number of grams of Ni(NO3)2*6H2O requir ed to mix up 50. 0 ml of 0. 40 M. (Hint: The gram formula mass of Ni(NO3)2*6H2O is ) 15-2 Dilution Problems: M1V1 = M2V2, V2 is the TOTAL volume after dilution) 1. What is the molarity of the new solution when 500 ml of H20 are added to 500 ml of 1. 0M HNO3? (A: 0. 5 M HNO3) 2. What is the molarity of the new solution when 200 ml of 10. 5M HCl is diluted with water to a total of 1 liter? (A: 2. 1 M HCl) 3. If you want to mix up a total volume of 2. 0 L of 3. 5 M NaCl, what volume of 5. 0 M NaCl should you start with? A: 1. 4 L)4. A 52ml of sodium cyanide poison leaked from a bottle into a bucket of water that originally contained 427 ml of water. The concentration of poison in the bucket was found to be 0. 85 M after the leak. What must be the concentration of the poison in the leaky bottle? (A: 7. 8M) 5. How much water will one need to add to dilute 100 ml of 10 % SDS to 1 % SDS? (A: 900 ml H2O) 6. If you dilute 25 ml of 4. 0 % CaCl2 to a total of 100ml what is the final concentrat ion? (A: 1. 0 % CaCl2)Lab Prep: Calculate the volume of 0. 40 M Ni(NO3)2 needed to prepare 10. 0 ml of each of the following diluted solutions: . 0. 080 M b. 0. 16 M c. 0. 24 Md. 0. 32 M 15-3 % Concentration (% = g/100ml) 1. Mr. Harry's new baby is sick and not nursing well. The doctor suggests pedialyte which is a dilute sugar solution along with vitamin C. If there are 25 grams of dextrose in every 1. 0 L, what is the percent concentration? (A: 2. 5%) 2. Infant Tylenol contains 80 mg of acetominophen for every 0. 8 ml. What is its percent concentration? (A: 10%) 3. Vinegar is sold at the grocery store with a concentration of 5. 0 % acetic acid. How many grams of acetic acid are in every fluid ounce? (Hint: ml –> fl. oz? ) (A: 1. 5 g) 4.Robitussin cough medicine contains the following ingredients per teaspoonful (5 ml): 100 mg guaifenesin and 10 mg dextromethorphan hydrobromide. What is the percentage concentration for each ingredient? (A: 2 % guaifenesin, . 2 % dex †¦. . ) 15-4 Parts Per Million (PPM = mg/L) 1. LD50 is a designation for the level of dosage required to kill 50% of the test subjects – usually lab rats. If it takes only . 063 grams of arsenic in a 1. 0 liter volume to kill 50 % of a sample of test rats, what is the LD50 for arsenic in parts per million? (A: 63 ppm) 2. A water purifier claims that it removes 95% of the lead ions from your drinking water.If your water normally carries . 125 grams per liter of lead, what would be the concentration in ppm found in a glass of water you might drink from? (A: 6. 2 ppm) 3. If an adrenaline rush can be experienced when your blood contains only 5. 4 ppm of the hormone, what total mass of adrenaline is required in the blood of a person who has 6. 5 liters of blood total for the hormone to kick in? (A: 35. 1 mg) 4. A tanker of mercury (I) chloride, HgCl, carrying 150 tons crashes off the Washington coast. What total volume of sea water must the cargo mix with to dilute it down below the t hreshold of 4 ppm? (A: 3. 4 x 1010 L)

Hershey Marketing

The Hershey Company 1. History and Overview The first Hershey’s Chocolate Bar was produced in 1900, six years after the firm that would become The Hershey Company (â€Å"Hershey†) was founded by candy-manufacturer Milton S. Hershey. 2. Strategic Planning, Corporate Vision Until late last year when Hershey announced plans to revamp how it organizes its business with two new strategic business units—one for chocolate and the other for sugar confectionery—the company’s marketing organization was comprised of five primary product groups and three divisions: Hershey North America, Hershey International and the Global Marketing Group.According to their 2009 Annual Financial Report, this organization structure allowed Hershey to capitalize on unique customer and consumer trends, leverage marketing and sales leadership in the US and Canada, and focus on key growth areas in global markets (Annual Report p. 2). As indicated by a November 2nd, 2010 press relea se, the new structure is meant to leverage competencies for global growth, strengthen regional focus with additional resources, and augment confectionery consumer insights and innovation capabilities. (http://www. hehersheycompany. com/newsroom/news-release-1490640. aspx) In 2009, Hershey put forth their first Corporate Social Responsibility Report. In the opening paragraphs of this report they call Corporate Social Responsibility integral to their mission of â€Å"Bringing sweet moments of Hershey happiness to the world every day. † Kotler and Keller (27) contend that not only should a mission statement be short, memorable, meaningful, and enduring, it should provide employees with a shared sense of purpose, direction, and opportunity.Hershey is attuned to these needs. The report elaborates, â€Å"Our employees are committed to our mission†¦In all of our efforts, we are guided by our values, which have enabled our company to succeed over the long term. † Hersheyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s internal marketing strategy is driven by their stated corporate values—â€Å"One Hershey: A global and diverse team, operating with integrity, working together, determined to make a difference (Hershey Our Values). Kotler and Keller (29) identify the importance of utilizing three specific nternal groups toward the goal of successful strategy making: employees with youthful perspectives; employees far removed from company headquarters; and employees new to the industry. In a concerted effort to encourage ideas from the younger generation, Hershey has implemented an innovative approach by putting in place an R&D mentoring program where new Millennial employees are paired with experienced Boomers. Hershey recognizes that Millennials have categorically received greater support from their schools and families and expect it from their employers as well.Hershey also has a program called Quality Through Excellence that engages â€Å"the most committed and energetic tho ught leaders from all over the company and from different functional areas. † Among other things, these employees are charged with the duty of provided feedback to the company about what’s going well and what needs to be changed. Further, they have redesigned their performance management system to reward employees for their contributions to the success of the company. Attracting, Developing and Retaining Talent p11) A superior value chain incorporates a high level of product quality, service, and speed (Kotler and Keller 23). The conjunction of these components allows marketers to achieve profitable growth by, among other things, building loyalty and capturing customer lifetime value. Hershey has an ongoing commitment to deal fairly and ethically with all parties in its global value chain which extends from the farmers who supply raw materials for ingredients to consumers all over the world.They are dedicated to conserving energy and reducing emissions throughout their value chain, beginning with a company-wide initiative in 2007 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in both their facilities and their transport operations. (CSR Report 26) 3. Strategic Planning-Business Vision Hershey relies on strong R&D efforts to continue making progress in the areas of cost reduction, quality assurance, and process improvement. Their research and development initiatives are centered on the creation/ improvement of new/existing manufacturing methods.Recent R&D activities have enabled Hershey to offer customized products which have turned out to be a major growth driver (SWOT 2). Hershey’s ability to capitalize on its internal strength in manufacturing continues to benefit the company. Another strength the company boasts is a robust and diverse product portfolio. However, though the company does not demonstrate an overdependence on a particular product segment, it does face the threat of dependence on a single customer.Hershey sells its products to va rious wholesale distributors, department stores and grocery stores, however, in 2009 more than a quarter of the company’s net sales were derived from sales to McLane Company, Inc. (SWOT 4). While Hershey has huge opportunities to expand in the emerging markets, specifically in India and China where disposable income continues to steadily rise, the company also faces the threat of a growing counterfeit goods market. This threat not only affects sales, it affects the image of established brands (SWOT 4). Underperformance of counterfeit products will have a significant negative impact on consumer confidence.In addition to the added competition the counterfeit market brings, Hershey will also continue to see new players enter the market. This will create a still greater challenge to keep costs down in order to stay competitive. When the company began more than one hundred years ago, it was granted immediate success with its low-cost, high quality milk chocolate. Though one of Mil ton Hershey’s founding principles that has persisted over the years is to â€Å"make and sell a high-quality product at a fair price† (CSR Report 7), another threat Hershey contends with is changing consumer preference. The company is experiencing changing consumer trends toward premium and trade-up product segments (SWOT 4). † In order to adapt to the changing marketplace, Hershey will have to continue to constantly develop, produce and market new products. 4. Marketing Strategies In 1963 Hershey acquired H. B. â€Å"Harry† Reese’s Candy Company which had been making chocolate-covered peanut butter cups since 1928. In the early 1980s Hollywood producer Steven Spielberg met with Hershey executive Jack Dowd.The two struck a deal and the newly developed Reeses’s Pieces appeared in the legendary box office hit, E. T. : The Extraterrestrial. Fortunately for Hershey, the candy shared in the success. (thehersheycompany. com) Early this year in Las Vegas, NV, at the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show, Hershey unveiled Reese’s Minis—smaller unwrapped versions of Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups. According to Anna Lingeris, spokesperson for Reese’s, â€Å"Techies at CES seek out cool innovations like min-tuners, mini-cams, nano-mice, mini-keyboards, and gotta-have gadgets so small you could fit a fistful in our pocket, so who says the next, big mini innovation can’t come from a candy company? (Business Wire 1/6/2011)† It remains to be seen whether this latest Reese’s marketing blitz is a success, however, the videos which spoof the â€Å"unboxing† trend in the tech world have had widespread play on YouTube and across a number of social networks (Business Wire 1/6/2011). This product falls in the popular hand-to-mouth category that, according to a recent Hershey presentation, presently makes up 16% of chocolate sales (adage. com 10/21/10).Erin Swanson, a Morningstar analyst, points ou t that this product is lower risk because it is an extension of an existing brand instead of an entirely new one. Hershey has tried its luck with some recent similar brand extensions. Modeled after Reese’s Pieces, early last year Hershey launched Almond Joy Pieces, York Pieces and Hershey’s Special Dark Pieces. According to a Hershey spokeswoman, Jody Cook, they launched these new products in hopes they would â€Å"entice consumers who eat the traditional form in a private setting to share a bag of Pieces in a social setting (nytimes. om 2/17/10)†. In 2005 the company introduced cookies by each of these three brands which were all discontinued a few years later. Hershey promoted the new product launch with a â€Å"wrapper reward program† which encouraged consumers to be one of the first 25,000 to mail in a wrapper from the full-size version of one of these candies. In turn, participants received a coupon for a free bag of the smaller product. Hershey reli es on promotional programs like this one as a marketing strategy to stimulate sales of certain products at various times throughout the year (2009 Annual Report p 5).We have a variety of promotional programs for our customers as well as advertising and promotional programsfor consumers of our products. We use our promotional programs to stimulate sales of certain products at various times throughout the year. Our sales are typically higher during the third and fourth quarters of the year, representing seasonal and holiday-related sales patterns. In late 2010 Hershey revealed plans to launch TV ads for PayDay and Hershey’s Syrup—two products that haven’t been promoted on television for a decade—alongside the new campaign for Reese’s Minis and Hershey’s Drops.According to CEO David West, this decision was made in response to the positive results from a pledge in 2008 to increase ad spending by 20% for two years. â€Å"Sales analysis consists of measuring and evaluating actual sales in relation to goals (Kotler and Keller 34). For the most part, the spending on these recent brands has exceeded expectations. Effective sales analysis highlighted the strong results Hershey won from their amped up efforts at promoting core brands like Kisses and Reese’s and caused them to later extend this effort to Twizzlers and Kit Kat.

Argumentative Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argumentative - Term Paper Example The contentious bill was signed into law by Arizona governor on March 30 2015. The Senate Bill 1318 states that â€Å"A woman who takes abortion pill has a right to know her action may be reversible. Give women all the facts. Respect women. Yes on 1318†. The law is a broad step to bar insurance policies given through the federal exchange from offering coverage for specific abortions. With exemption of pregnancies that are as a result from rape, incest or could endanger a mothers life. The bill offers the required explanation to the long standing law. Proponents of abortion rights are infuriated of some stipulation on the bill. Specifically the requirement that doctors carrying out abortion should inform the woman that the results of a drug induced abortion may be reversible. However the process itself is still on the trial stage and physicians and abortion advocates claim it is not accountable to offer women the alternative. The science behind the law is based widely on the research findings of Dr.Geroge Delgado. Dr. Delgado a strong opponent of abortion claims that he was capable of saving a number of women who had started using abortion pills. The women were unable to go through the two step procedure carried out during abortion. It is an over the counter administration of hormone progesterone which is largely used by reproductive health specialists. It is authorized to use endorsed medicine by the FDA in this context and medical experts frequently opt for this method with patient approval. This is done more so when the patients condition is at risk to wait for long process approvals. Very typical the debate on abortion, the argument on both sides is strong. A conservative Dr.Cathy Herrod notes that it is unfortunate when a woman decides to go through an abortion without being informed of all the facts. Dr.Cathy head of the Centre for Arizona Policy is a strong proponent of the law. Dr.Cathy further

Placement report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Placement report - Essay Example Chalayan’s vision in his design work is to tell stories through his creations, providing a narrative within the framework of each piece. Most of his art design connects closely to the human body in some manner and there is a subtle undercurrent of sexuality, along with occasional fetishes relating to power, domination, and restraint (Burley, 2013). As in his graduate collection, Chalayan likes to design with clothes that can tell or imply some type of story, where the clothes appear to have gone through an event or action. His choice of materials, wood, metal, mirrors, were also distinctive and it has been part of his goal to always find new ways of saying something different and unique (Violette, 2011). Indeed, his most iconic show may be that of SS07, in which he presented a line of morphing animatronic dresses, which changed into another era of style during the modelling walkway process. One dress started out as a sculptured Victorian-styled dress that morphed into a 1920s flapper dress by using hidden mechanisms. The last dress on the walkway, actually disappeared, leaving the model as totally nude (Burley, 2013). â€Å"Boredom is a big thing for me. As a child, I remember being worried that I’d be bored in Cyprus (home), which is an isolated island, so I had to really create my own world to keep myself going. I think probably a lot of my worldview stems from the fact that boredom is a big thing.† (Burley, 2013). In another fashion show that Chalayan created, the focus was on wooden furniture in a living room. The models walked around the furniture and removed fabric covers off each piece, put them on, and wore them as dresses. The last piece left was a wooden table. A model walked over, removed the centre piece, then stepped into the opening and pulled the piece up to her waist. It became the layered wooden skirt, seen in figure 1 above

Quality Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quality Management Plan - Essay Example   The manager's responsibility is to ensure that employees do not become sick by their job. Stress makes employees sick. Besides, acts to decrease stress are affordable.   The expense of stress to the organization can show up as an increased employee turnover, a rise in the absence of sickness, decreases job performance, increased customer complaints, and poor time management. Stress in a single employee can result in stress in employees who are compelled to function with the individual or even cover for him/her. Besides, staff members who do not consider stress as a dangerous thing can leave them open to compensation claims from employees who have been affected by work associated stress illness. Thus, stress reduction does not have to cost the organization a large sum of money. The organization can take the following steps to deal with the risk of stress: where stress caused or made worse by the job may result in ill health, the organization ought to evaluate the risk. The risk evaluation for stress entails searching for work pressures that may cause increased and long-term stress levels. It also requires choosing the individual that could be harmed by the work pressure and choosing whether the organization is doing enough to hinder such harm. If required, the organization ought to take steps to address such pressures. It must review the evaluation whenever it considers that it can no longer be correct. Besides, all employees ought to be involved in the assessment process, encompassing safety and health representatives.

Revolt of 1857 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Revolt of 1857 - Essay Example On 10 May in 1857, the sepoys matched to Delhi with the intention of taking control over the city. The 1857 revolt introduced numerous changes in India as will be highlighted in this paper. In addition, the paper will give attention to the causes of the revolt, its representation in British sources, and Chowdhury view of how photography represented the revolt. The British rule in India had established economic policies that were unfavorable to the Indians. Notably, the colonialists focused on exploiting the natural resources available in India. The exploitation of the resources in India by the colonialists only served to reap India off its stability in trade and industry. Over time, the British rule had transformed India into a colonial economy that served the interest of the British. In accordance with the existing economic policy, the British ruler exported resource to London. The British had a cheaper way of supporting their industries. The export of India’s resources to London served to increase the poverty levels in India. Many of the Indians relied on trade and industry in an effort to earn a living. However, the British colonial rule had taken over the industry, leaving many Indians jobless. The British economic policies demanded the Indian peasants to pay high revenues. Demanding high revenues from the peasants served to br ing down the agrarian sector. There was an increasing pressure for the peasants to register increased production. Despite their increased production, the Indian peasants did not benefit. The landowners in India faced the compulsion of paying a specified amount to the British government. If the landowners failed to meet the requirements, the British colonial rule dispossessed them of their property. Therefore, economic causes were a primary trigger of the 1857 revolt. As highlighted above, the British colonial rule imposed every taxation and

Enviromental Factors Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enviromental Factors Paper - Essay Example For Mazda, the most important factor in the current environment is technology since it directly impacts all aspects of the automobile industry. Technology can help a car go faster, be more fuel efficient, reduce the cost of production and even help the company sell more cars (Baki et. al, 2004). Since fuel prices are on the rise and the limited nature of natural resources will continually push the prices higher, being more fuel efficient is a key selling point for Mazda if they are able to get their message across to the customers (RBSC, 2006). Similarly, political and legal factors can also influence the marketing strategy of Mazda in the future as more governments push for cleaner running cars and more curbs on how much pollution can be created by an automobile (Baki et. al, 2004). Mazda may have to push hybrid cars or cars powered by alternative fuels such as hydrogen to the public. This would certainly change the marketing strategy of the company since instead of focusing on styling, comfort, or even the performance of the car, the company would have to focus on the technical aspects of the new engine and convince buyers that it is as good as (if not better than) conventional engines in all respects (Harbour, 2001). Technology also impacts Mazda’s marketing decisions in terms of how the message is to be delivered to the customer. For instance, Mazda participated in web based stories for some of their cars and used the process of viral marketing for the launch of a new car model. In both cases, the internet was used as a means for marketing and the technology was cutting edge since the company needed to have a fresh approach to traditional marketing (Mazda, 2005). In terms of social responsibility, the principles which are applicable to Mazda can easily be applied to the rest of the automobile industry since many of the cars produced by them are objects of

Dog Day Afternoon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dog Day Afternoon - Essay Example As the paper highlights he was certainly assisted by the rest of the cast such as John Cazale as the saddest bank robber in the world, Sal and the possibly in one of his most unforgettable performances, the portrayal of Sonny’s â€Å"other wife† Leon by Chris Sarandon. And the many others all added to the cavalcade of this consciousness raising experience. However, the nature of Pacino’s performance and the amount of empathy he was able to invoke from the audience was the primary catalyst for their almost subconscious acceptance of an alternate view of the traditional leading man in the cinema. From this study it is clear that Dog Day Afternoon was made and released in 1975-76 during a time when countercultures and counterrevolutionaries were still on a rise from the sixties. In fact, it was probably even more acceptable now to mainstream audience who by this point had been exposed to the cold war and Fidel Castro and Hippies as well as the social reforms of civil rights movement that occurred throughout the sixties and is still occurring. This expression of a new masculinity challenges the traditional American emphasis on the hard hitting hero with a heart of gold, so to speak. Here in this film ther are certainly notions of some sexual liberation from gender stereotyping.   In a sense, most art, film, literature, etc. have a tendency to push the envelope of the cultures mind and gradually expose their audiences to a new attitude and more expansive ideas of what human being are supposed to be and what they can and should be capable of. Dog day Afternoon gives us an alternate viewpoint, a somewhat more blurry line between the criminal and the hero, the leading man and the sensitive male, so that the audience sees how it is possible to cheer for someone who may not be the cowboy with the white hat and cetrtainly not the typical hero of a tale.

Why do countries trade with each other when they both produce similar Essay

Why do countries trade with each other when they both produce similar goods - Essay Example For example, Africa is rich in diamonds, and Bangladesh produces jute in abundance. While it incurs Bangladesh very little cost to grow jute, it may cause the USA far too much to produce jute. The different climatic conditions play a decisive role in the kind of crops a country can grow. In addition to that, trade between countries is also very essential for the promotion of international relations. Countries that conduct trade with one another maintain good terms with one another so that they may facilitate trading and strengthen their respective economies. Trade between countries also has a lot of political significance. As two trading countries foster good relations, they become a united force against a third country that has bad terms with both. â€Å"Powerful nations throughout history have used economic sanctions--essentially blocking and prohibiting trade--with other nations in order to punish or force political or behavioral change† (Chase). Trade is very essential for economical strength. Dubai became one of the fastest developing cities in the world in a course of few decades because of

Human Behaviors in Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Behaviors in Budgeting - Essay Example A budget can deliver a criterion where employees are encouraged to achieve their targets under certain conditions. Conversely, budget can also inspire disorganization and conflict between employees or managers. If people are dynamically involved in developing budget, then it can be used as a device to support managers in handling their branches effectively. Budget can be a useful device for motivating people but if budget is developed from top level and enforces a threat for employees it can be resisted and will cause harm to the organization (Drury, 2007). Objectives of Budgeting Through budget, organizations can regulate the actions of different divisions. An effective budgetary system can act as a comprehensive control system for organization if there are certain implied or apparent links between budgetary processes and organizational rewards (Flamholtz, 1983). Budgeting comprises of creating specific targets, implementing strategies to accomplish the targets, and occasionally mat ch actual status with the targets. The targets can be general business objectives and particular goals for the individual divisions within organization. Budget provides a way for business by drawing the strategies of the operations in financial expressions. Budget helps organizations to direct activities and decreases the negative results (Warren & Et. Al., 2011). Though budgets are usually related with profit, they also play significant parts in operating several divisions of government. For instance, budgets are useful tools for managing finance for education and ration in rural areas. Budgets are also used in non-profit organizations such as public hospitals and cathedrals among others. Budget comprises of three activities which are planning, directing and controlling. Before planning the budget, it is important for organizations to forecast the amount of budget. The forecasting is often developed by considering the conclusions of past outcomes. Several statistical approaches are used for forecasting budget. The planning phase is comprised of forming specific objectives for future actions. It is a part of management process. Directing is the activity for satisfying the planned actions and controlling is periodically judging the progress of activities with the planned actions (Warren, 2008). Human Behavior in Budgeting Budget can have substantial effect on human behaviour. Budget can stimulate managers for developing their performance; adversely it can also de-motivate from putting extra effort and flatten the self-esteem of managers (Kimmel & Et. Al., 2010). The behavioural problems or dysfunctional consequences can arise from budgeting in three conditions which are: 1. The goal of budget is unattainable 2. The goal of budget is too simple to accomplish 3. The goal of budget disagrees with the goals of employees Unattainable goals: Employees will be de-motivated if performance expectations set by the managers are impractical or unattainable. An aggressive a nd achievable goal can probably motivate employees to accomplish the organizational objectives. Thus, employees should be engaged in

Morgan Motor Company Essay Example for Free

Morgan Motor Company Essay Morgan Motor Company (MMC) began as a family company and has remained that way over the years. Decisions were largely driven by steady demand for their luxury product. Traditionally, decision-making was premised on production quotas that kept supply slightly behind demand. While the company made a profit, it was not enough to sustain the company in the long term due increasing costs caused by inefficient methods of production. The key area for improvement was strategic planning based on detailed and accurate information. The implementation of the strategic plan would require a review of human resource management practices in order for MMC to develop into an organisation that valued continuous innovation. MMC could gain valuable information about its environment through SWOT analysis, which could be used to inform strategic planning decisions. The company survived difficult circumstances (e. g. World War II) and demonstrated its ability to diversify through the manufacture of munitions. Another key strength is the global demand for their differentiated product. Its domestic and international appeal creates an important opportunity to further expand its global customer base. However, the potential threat associated with this opportunity is uncertainty in a number of dimensions in MMC’s â€Å"general environment† (Samson Daft, 2009). Economic and political and legal factors in other countries could potentially impact on MMC’s sales, as was the case in the late 1960s where strict emission control regulations caused their US market to collapse. In this instance, domestic demand absorbed its impact and highlighted the importance of maintaining a diverse client base that could absorb the impact of any environmental changes. A sales and marketing department that is production led is ineffective in improving revenue and achieving the aim of increased profits. Additionally, this production led sales creates an artificial view of demand for its product. Thorough research of its client attributes coupled with careful planning and stronger collaboration between the sales and marketing and production departments enables the formulation of agreed sales targets. The key benefits of setting targets are: 1. integration with production planning, which reduces the likelihood of over-investment in inventory; 2. a proactive sales and marketing department that devises strategies to improve sales; and 3. measureable targets that can be used to evaluate efficiency and effectiveness. Despite having a keen and loyal workforce, the presence of change aversion confirmed that incremental change was initially more effective than radical change which may have created an unproductive atmosphere of dissent amongst its workforce. Moreover, steady demand for their product led to complacency, which justified Peter Morgan’s caution about change. This could be interpreted as lack of vision and is reflected in the lack of innovation and under-capitalisation of MMC’s machine shop. In a study done on Toyota (UK) Ltd. , it was noted that the traditional car manufacturing base in the UK was located in the West Midlands and these were â€Å"rich in precision engineering skills† (Winfield Kerrin, 1996, p. 50). MMC’s proximity to this manufacturing hub created opportunities for research and development by inspecting some of these manufacturers in an effort to improve their production practices and processes, specifically focussing on how technology could be used to improve efficiency. This acknowledgement of the power of technology finally came in the form of Charles’ introduction of a manufacturing resource planning computer system and use of CAD/CAM. Perhaps differences in generational attributes enabled Charles Morgan to more easily embrace technology. However, the positive outcome was product innovation such as design features to improve aerodynamics. Examination of how human resource management practices could transform MMC from an organisation where everyone defends their own corner into a team-based learning organisation was a natural progression once management accepted the need for change. In the first instance, focus should be on developing managers to help facilitate organisational change (Waldersee, 1997) and enable them to be effective role models within the company. Training solutions and interventions should target general areas such as effective teamwork and communication, motivating workers and encouraging innovation. Additionally, where there are identified skills gaps, it should also target content-specific areas e. g. contemporary sales and marketing practices would make up for the sales director’s lack of recent sales experience. Once again, Charles was led by example by enrolling in an MBA, thus demonstrating his commitment to ongoing education and development. Although collectivism has traditionally been associated with eastern cultures (Hartel, Fujimoto, Straybosch, Fitzpatrick, 2007), motor companies like Ford and Toyota moved away from Taylorism and demonstrated the value of teamwork in vehicle manufacturing (Winfield Kerrin, 1996). However, MMC’s reward system of individual production bonuses did not acknowledge the value of teamwork. Moreover, an unspecified dollar amount that was eroded by inefficiencies in the production process did not provide an incentive to improve production. Not only should these individual production bonuses be quantified, the company should also consider a reward system for foremen to acknowledge their efforts in encouraging individuals and teams to achieve higher production. The present day success of MMC is testament to management’s vision and commitment to continuous product and process innovation. Examination of their website confirms their ability to stay current through value adding which resulted in features in their cars such as lightness and environmental friendliness. This has enabled them to cater both for the on-road user and the racing arena, as is evident in the videos available on their website. Furthermore, offering factory tours not only gives potential customers insight into the manufacturing process, it also provides the company with the opportunity to share some of its knowledge with others. The insight gained by watching the video on MMC’s factory processes makes it evident that the MMC today is collaborative both internally and with its external stakeholders.

Analyse and comment on the success Essay Example for Free

Analyse and comment on the success Essay Analyse and comment on the success of the title sequence of Baz Luhrmanns 1997 film adaptation of Romeo Juliet  The 1997 adaptation of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet by Baz Luhrmann was attempting to reach out to a younger audience by modernising the old play with new ideas, even though the old text was kept. Set in modern times with modern things that a young audience could relate to, Luhrmann successfully hauled Shakespeares text from 16th century Verona, Italy to late 20th century Miami, USA. The purpose of this essay is to review, analyse and comment on the use of Luhrmanns background to help him in making the movie, the success of the film but most importantly the cinematic success of the title scene. The location was specifically chosen to represent modern times. America was the most modern country available. Although Luhrmann wanted to shoot the film in Miami, it was seen by the mayor of Miami as unrealistic to put the city on hold while they shot the movie; Mexicos capital city, Mexico City was used instead. It had everything the crew needed, it had a typical city milieu; it was perfect. As the movie was going to be originally set in Miami, the characters had to at least look like they were from Miami. The Montague household wore very casual Hawaiian t-shirts, which were not buttoned up but hung loosely on the wearer. The Capulets wore very serious, cool clothes, mostly dark colours like black and grey. The choices of clothes used were to symbolise gangsters and mob mentality. from ancient grudge break to new mutiny were being portrayed by Luhrmann, as two rival gangs. Casting was very much a big thing in Luhrmanns version. He had to pick actors that young people could relate to. It was hard finding such actors, as the young and popular ones had problems reading Shakespeares diverse and complicated old English text. Luhrmann knew that Leonardo Di Caprio would be perfect for Romeo, as he was a heartthrob worldwide, and would bring in the young girls, who adored him. Throughout the movie we are shown images of power. These images are more abundant in the opening title scene. Images of guns, violence and police are shown to create an atmosphere of chaos and anarchy. The guns are used, again to create a modernised version of the old play. The guns represent the swords used by the people in the sixteenth century, and they are referred to as swords by the actors, put up thy swords. Religion is one of the main themes in the play, and Luhrmann uses many powerful images to show this in the opening title scene. Two statues of Jesus are filmed round about either side of the city. The statues are opposite each other with their faces facing inwards, as if looking over the people of Verona and keeping guard. Also the Christian crucifix is used to replace some of the Ts in the scripture which occasionally flash between the montage of images of police, violent riots and arrests; the scripture is repeating the important parts of the sonnet that opens the play. Cinematography is used to great effect in the opening scene. Zooming and panning left and right all help to create the effect of disorder and chaos. Before the title of the movie is actually shown there is a montage of images; each clip lasts only for a split second. Each clip is taken from the movie to show the audience that it isnt an old fashioned soppy love story, but a violent, tragic blockbuster. Using the scenes of gun fights and violence the montage really creates an adrenalin rush. The music and the backing track for the title scene really goes with the visual picture on the screen. Fast tempo gets the blood pumping and again it helps to cause chaos. It has real power as it builds up towards the end of the title scene; during the montage of images it speeds up and the power of it envelops you. Then finally we see the title of the movie and the music stops after a few seconds after the title falls into view and the audience is left in silence. In conclusion, considering all the areas of the title scene, Baz Luhrmann has successfully given birth to a fantastic opening to Romeo and Juliet. The title scene underlines key aspects of the sonnet which opens the play, to help the people in the audience who dont understand Shakespeare and even the ones who do. He introduces the principle characters, again to stop the audience from getting confused. The use of exciting images, such as the gun and the images of police and violence makes certain people in the audience stay and not walk out because they may believe it to be boring; many teenagers would believe Shakespeare to be boring. The opening scene had a very strong effect on me personally. It really made me want to see the movie again, even though I had already seen it about three times. The scene gripped me and not many title scenes have done that to me. Baz Luhrmanns version of Romeo and Juliet was a complete success.

The Power Of The United States In Decline Politics Essay

The Power Of The United States In Decline Politics Essay The United States power and its economic rank in the world are at such a prestige level, as said by McWilliams and Piotrowski after the world war II, the United States, the worlds only economic super power assisted west Germany and Japan in their economic recovery and provided them security(). This above statement just shows us the power of the United States in the economic aspect at their ability in assisting two countries after a war. In other to give a better and more reasonable explanation to this specific question, we have decided to first view the way power is portrayed in politics and more specifically in the global perspective at to this we shall explain the term decline as it concerns the position of power. Power in a political analysis is usually thought of as a relationship which is the ability to influence the behaviour of others or even a nation in a manner not of their choosing (Heywood 2000: 35). As given example by Andrew Heywood he explains that power only appears w hen one person makes another individual to do anything they might not have interest into (Heywood 2000: 35). Likewise from Peter Joyce point of view she sees politics in the form of power to be more of a relationship between two parties in which one has the ability to compel the other to undertake a course of action involuntarily (Peter 2000:7). As we can see power is the central concept of politics and its discipline is the capacity to produce intended effects, It is in short the ability to get what one wants (Thiele, 1997:53). The nature of power is an important matter when it comes to world politics. The form of power which could either be hard power as is evident in the use of force or soft power which is used by a country in achieving its goal by attracting rather than coercing others (McConnell et al 2008: 17). Moving on towards the main term of this is essay which is decline, the author Itzkoff gave an explanation of the term decline in which he stated that decline can be con firmed by any of the criteria that historians have ever used to measure the state and condition of a nation and its people. The fundamental concerns of a decline in a nation which are mostly in a more important position, when looking at this question are politics, economics and military power (itzkoff 1994: 3). With the above definition of the term power and decline, we can see that the United States is not in any way facing the characteristics it shows us in the explanation of the term decline. So with that much being said we can see that the United States is not in any chance declining in power. At the end of the cold war the United States of America became a superpower. Its power and stability just kept on escalating, in 1990s when the cold war came to an end, by that period the United States was reportedly estimated to have about 30 per cent of the global economic output (). If we look at the world order which is in place right now, which constitutes of a remarkable number of democratic countries, we can see that it exhibits the United States principle and advancement, and it was all created and guarded by the United States power in all its economic, political and military dimensions, which means if there is a decline in the United States power, the world order will also decline with it. We belief that even with diminished American power the underlying foundations of the liberal international order will survive and thrive, as the political scientist G. John Ikenberry has argued, is a pleasant illusion. The United States decline, if it is real, will mean a different world f or everyone (). From a book by Thomas Friedman in which it tittles that used to be us. It explains that most of the reviews on the declination of power in the United States are mostly from careless reasoning, on feelings that the United States as a nation has lost its charm, that it has rejected the integrity that brought them such success in the past, that it does not have the will to approach the difficulties that lay ahead of them (). The problem is that the citizens of the United States view other countries whose economic development are now in a much better situation than their own, and seem to gain the enthusiasm that the United States once had, and they now grieve about it. Just as one swallow does not make a spring, so thats why we believe that one recession or even an oppressive economic catastrophe cannot mean that it is the beginning of a massive declination of a great power such as the united States. For example the united states have experienced a continued and a deep economic catastrophe in the 1890s, the 1930s, and the 1970s (). In each situation we can see that in a decade or so, they have comeback and even being in a better position. By the year 1910, the 1940s and the 1980s were all proves of the United States strong influence and global power. With that much being said this essay will now discuss in proving that the United States of America is still at the manifesting of staying a superpower nation. We shall look at the three major aspect of being superpower nation, which includes its economy, their military dimension and finally in politics. With these three aspects we can now prove that United States is not in the decline rather is soaring high. To start with the three major aspects which will be used in this essay to prove that the United States is not declining in power is one of the basic indicators which are the economic aspect. Regardless of the situation the United States been in the previous years, which includes a reduction of business activity and a slow development, the United States ranking in the entire globe has not alternated. The United States share of the worlds gross domestic product (GDP) has held exceptionally stable, not only for ten years but for over forty years. In a record by the year 1969, most of the worlds economic output was generated by the United States (). The United States till date still generate somewhere around a quarter, and it is regarded as not only one of the biggest but also one of the wealthiest economy in the world. Most of this economic background and development started when the collapse of communism occur, the US has achieved maximum influence in international economic affairs at minimum cost. The goal of governing the international economy, in addition to benefits it brings to the United States economic interest, is also to provide an opportunity to promote American values. (Singh 2003: 298). Looking in towards the economic perspective we shall have a glimpsed of how powerful the U.S dollar is. As said by Singh The dollar is the largest traded international currency, is accepted for payment by cooperation worldwide, and held by government and companies in their reserves. All of the worlds trade in oil takes place in U.S dollars, a measure of the currencys dominance and universal acceptability (Singh 2003: 263). An example of how influential the US dollar is when the WTO came to existence it had some financial problems but as stated by Singh, he explains that The global dimension of United States trade policy in the 1990s revolved around the world trade organization (WTO). The road to the creation of the WTO was a rocky one but the United States influence wa s critical, and now the United States has taken the lead in using the WTO as a platform for a new, millennium round of trade liberation talks. The United States operates at the centre of an increasingly elaborate network of countries and institutions that have taken responsibility for the management of globalization. (Singh 2003: 295) One of the reasons some analysts think that the United States power is declining is because we are captivated by how far the Asian countries have conquered over the years. Countries such as China and India have been gradually climbing up the ladder when it comes to global economy. But when you look back in history we could see that all of its economic development was almost entirely at the cost of Japan and Europe and now it is having a share of a decline in its own economy(). Some enthusiast believes that the development of chinas economy might replace the United States position of being a superpower by having the largest economy by approximately the next 20 years. This means that there might be some increase in challenge regarding the economic standard of the United States in the near future. But a nation cannot be measured to be a superpower by only looking at its economical standard. If it was so, then during the 19th century china could have been the predominant power because it had the largest economy but instead some of the European countries were of a higher rank. Thats why this essay will move on onto the next aspect mentioned above which is the military power. This shall help us elaborate that a country cannot be a superpower by just having a good economy. Another major aspect of measuring a nations power is towards its military capacity. When it comes to the United States it has showed us its superiority when it comes to its defence and military capacity. As stated by McKay in his book American politics and society, he said that over the past seven decade the united states had established a standing and working army of about 200,000 or even more, adding to that is its foreign alliances it has backing it up (McKay 2009: 416), which is to be estimated to be around 50 countries with an unrivalled military and diplomatic status and capacity. (McKay 2009: 416) As said recently by the dean of the institute of modern international relations, Dr. Yan Xuetong in which he stated that a military strength underpins hegemony, which means that for a country to be a super power, its military capacity matters too. The United States military capacity as we can see stated above is far more powerful than any other nation. When it comes to the military perspective there has been no decline in its defensive capacity what so ever, well at least not yet. The United States has been estimated to have spent over 500 billion dollars a year on military defence only. This amount is more than what the rest of the super powers spent on defence combined (). The United States managed to do so by only gaining nothing much than 4 per cent of the annual gross domestic product. Even though its a higher percentage than most of the super powers, but when you look back in history and compared it you will see that its lower than the 10 per cent of the gross domestic product that the United States had spent on military operation in the mid-1950s and the 7 per cent it had spent in the late 1980s. This maximum and high expenditure shows the United States absolute strength in military effectiveness. Besides it expenditure on its defence, its air force and American army are accoutred with one of the worlds most radical weapons, and they are fully experienced and well trained in an actual combat (). With that much experience and equipment the united armed forces can demolish any competitor in a head to head war or battle. The American naval power is still the most predominant in every location of the world. By these military and economic standards the United States is in right now, at least, the United States today is not by any chance like Britain circa 1900, when the Britains empires relative decline began to become very visible. It is more like Britain circa 1870, when the empire of Britain was at the peak of its power. It might be possible to imagine a time when this may no longer be the situation, but that moment in the case of United States has not yet appear. The next aspect of this essay is the political aspect. In which we shall discuss the United States influence around the globe. The way the United States has managed to achieve what it wants in the world because of its value. To start with this aspect we have to keep in might the even though the United States is a super power, it does not always get what it wants. When you look at todays thoughts about the United States declining in political influence, you will find out that it is mostly inaugurated from a nostalgic bias. All these bias stated that there was a time the United States could get what it wants at any time. That is why before we start focusing on the United States political influence we have to recognize that the united states past in just a virtual reality. Even though the United States had failed in the past, it did accomplish some very wonderful things in the years of the cold war, and this aspect of the essay will focus on the major creation the united states had managed to accomplish; which include the NATO alliance, the united nations, the Bretton woods economic system and the Marshall plan, and these systems helped the world in both security and economic perspective. The NATO alliance was a defence agreement, in which the United States played an important role in. The policy of NATO was based on only two major principles. Firstly was to keep a substantial military capacity and strength and also a political unity to block any other type of political influence or pressure or any other form of military trying to invade a member state. The last principle was to reduce the tension between west and east through the use of military strength (). They also agreed that any member states that is being attack is an attack on the entire member states. We believe that the United States is very influential in NATO because as we have said before it contains the largest and most skilful armed force in the world. Another view on the United States political influence is in the accomplishment of the United Nations. The united nation was established for the purpose of bringing most of the countries of the world together to work together and for the development of the world and peace. The united nation was based on justice and the well-being of all the citizens ().The united states has so much influence in the united nations because the first main plan for a new world organization started in 1939 by the president of the united states: franklin Roosevelt. So we can see that without the United States influence mot of this wonderful establishment wont have been created.

Violence In The Media :: essays research papers

Violence in the Media In my essay I will be examining the controversy of violence levels in the media. Although there are many people who express the opinion that there is way too much violence in television for example, there are just as many who feel differently. Without viewer statistics, television would not be what it is. The viewers choose what they want to watch and that is taken into consideration. The more people tune into high violence-filled programs, the higher the ratings for violence become. Surely that cannot be pinned upon the show’s producers. Television prides itself in giving America what it wants, and America wants violence. Around the year 1923, the Federal Radio Commission was formed. They were in charge of regulating what could and could not be aired over the radio. When television came along, the name of the organization was changed to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). They set the standards of television viewing and also provide options for those who disagree. Last year, the FCC adopted rules requiring all television sets with screens 13 inches or larger to be equipped with features to block the display of television programming based upon its rating. This technology is known as the "V-Chip." The V-Chip reads information encoded in the rated program and blocks programs from the set based upon the rating selected by the parent. Thus, the FCC allows violence but also provides an alternative for parents who think their child is exposed to too much violence (whatever that threshold may be, as it is determined by the parent, whereas the V-Chip is programmed by the parents.) Though I do not watch much TV, I am aware of the rising display of violent content on TV. Whether it is through prime time sitcoms or cartoon channels, one can not deny that there is more violence. Cartoon violence used to be very fictional and easy to distinguish as the opposite of reality. Now however, in gruesome, explicit, and too often unrealistic portrayals of death and violence, the flexible minds of children are being not being torn by the moral issues of violence and anger, but the line between reality and fiction has become severely blurred. Death is seen as temporary in most cases, such as cartoons where the character killed comes back week after week only to be killed. But that’s what America wants! Our thresholds of violence are becoming more and more expanded as we see something, get over the initial â€Å"shock† it may have and crave more.

Antonine Woman as Venus :: Portrait Painting Art Essays

Antonine Woman as Venus It is determined the Antonine Woman as Venus is a woman of aristocratic status. The portrait is made of fine-grain marble, a medium only upper-class persons could afford. Also, only persons of wealth could afford to have such a protrait made. The woman is portrayed as Venus, a goddess who is connected to the imperial family, and members of a royal family would often have themselves depicted as a deity. (De Puma 26) We know she is being portrayed as Venus because of her bare breast and the upper-arm ring. The bare breast is a key to Venus because she is the goddess of sexuality and desirability. The upper arm ring can be an attribute of Venus as the Statue of Aphrodite (Venus) by Praxiletels displays the same jewelry on a nude body. (Fantham 175) The back of the portrait is slightly slanted, allowing us to imagine the angle at which the portrait was positioned on its support. The portrait is the complete bust of Antonine Woman as Venus, minus the background medallion, which would have created a complete circle above her head. Imagining the medallion was still there, we envision the bust as being placed on a wall. This postition would cause the portrait to angle towards the on-looker and we assume she was placed at eye-level or slightly higher. Antonine Woman as Venus is obviously a freeborn woman. She comes from or was married into an aristocratic family, which would not be possible for a slave or a freedwoman. She is a young matron of approximately 20 years of age. We can determine she is young and a matron because her pose is not as modest as an unwed adolescent's pose may be or as modest as an elder woman's pose may be. (Shelton 292) Her age is also determined by her sexually confident pose, her locks draping her neck, and her smooth, unaged facial features. These attributes are not a likeness to an adolescent girl or a woman of age. By the woman's young and healthy appearance, we may assume she was able to receive the best medical treatment because she was a wealthy woman of aristocratic status. She was most likely, being a person of upper-class, educated at the appropriate age by private tutors, usually before the age of twelve. Like all Roman women, however, she must conceal her intellect in the company of men, especially if the situation is concerning her husband.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Essay -- Healthcar

The Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information, better known as the Privacy Rule, that took effect in April 2003 for large entities and a year later for small ones, was established as the first set of national standards for the protection of health information. This rule was issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to meet the requirement of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). The Privacy Rule was born out of a need for health information to be appropriately protected yet still allowing the health information to be shared to ensure quality health care and to protect the public’s health and well being. It allows for the protection of the privacy of the patient and yet it also permits vital uses of information. The Privacy Rule established a category of health information that a covered entity may only use or disclose to others in certain circumstances and under certain conditions. According to the National Institute of Health Publication Number 03-5388, the protected information is known as Protected Health Information (PHI) and includes individually identifiable health information transmitted by electronic media, maintained in electronic media, or transmitted or maintained in any other form or medium. However, it excludes education records covered by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, as amended, 20 U.S.C. 1232g, records described at 20 U.S.C. 1232g(a)(4)(B)(iv), and employment records held by a covered entity in its role as employer. Covered entities are organizations that are subject to the Privacy Rule. Three types of covered entities are 1) Health Plans - which are individual or group plans that provide or pay the cost of medi... ... and HIPAA, Does instant access and availability from mobile technology jeopardize patient privacy? [Electronic version] Nursing Management, June 2007, 38-40 Martin, J. (2008). Who’s looking at your medical records? COPDConnection.com Retrieved November 12, 2011, from http://www.healthcentral.com/copd/c/19257/30481/comments Robertson, L. (2008). Who’s looking at your medical records? [Electronic version] Saturday Evening Post, 280.3, 54-92, Consumer Health Complete. Protecting Personal Health Information in Research: Understanding the HIPAA Privacy Rule, NIH Publication Number 03-5388. Retrieved November 12, 2011 from http://privacyruleandresearch.nih.gov/pr_02.asp Summary of the HIPAA Privacy Rule, Office of Civil Rights Privacy Rule Summary, (2003). Retrieved November 12, 2011 from http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/summary/privacysummary.pdf

The Customer Complaint Issue

Introduction There is a complaint letter sent by Dr. William E. Loflin. They were extremely upset and very insulted by the experience. He said that our staff is not well trained and overtly rude. There are several problems that he complaint about our service, but he still think the food was excellent. Here are the ways to solve the issue. Recommendation I suggest company should organize a training course for the staffs. The training provides staff with increased skills and abilities.Using the common cases of complaint customer and teaches the staff how to handle the problems in a right way and therefore increases the quality service. Also, it provide a time for staff build up the team spirit. Since customers are more demanding, restaurant should increase the service quality that can provide an edge of competitive advantage and meet the satisfaction of customers. Also, the service not only including how the staffs serve the guest when they in the dining room but also the whole process in the restaurant, from the entrance area to bill presentation and the farewell, all the performance must be done well.Staffs always follow the rules and regulation set by restaurant management, but they overlook their service skills is the first impression of the customers. Therefore, the staff should know what quality is, it doesn’t only means providing the food and environment but the service are also important. Understanding how to meet the customers’ expectations can add value in a delighted result. Moreover, restaurant can execute the performance appraisal every month. Establishing performance standards to the staffs, the customer feedback and supervisor observation can be affecting the appraisal.The appraisal will be show to the staff, see how well they did and the mistakes. And, the best of the staff will post it on the board and bonuses; therefore the staff can build up the strengths and overcome the weaknesses. Since employees are unaware of the identify the shopper, supervisor should announce that mystery shoppers will go to restaurant. Mystery shopper can give valuable feedback on the potential problems such as environment, service, food and beverage. Therefore, the staff will know where they did wrong and improve it.For the customers, when performance did not match their expectation, problems arose when services or products were unavailable, performance is slow, or where the service or product was unacceptable, the customer will not return anymore. The way to solve the service problems is to put a comments card on the table or brought by server at the conclusion of the meal. It can allow customer to evaluate the meal experience and any dissatisfaction. After receive it, restaurant must improve the issue immediately so that it can maintain a good service for the customers.Finally, we can reply a apologize letter to Mr. Loflin and send him a coupon to build a good relationship. Because most of customers did not say anything and donâ⠂¬â„¢t return to the restaurant anymore. Mr. Loflin sent a letter to us, it means he wants the restaurant do any improvement and he will still go to this restaurant for the meal, therefore we sent him a coupon to invite him go to the restaurant and we would improve the issue that we made, so that he would be satisfaction when returning to our restaurant.

Company Law Essay

Promoters, as defined in Twycross v award (1877) 2 CPD 469, be persons who problematical in the incorporation of a connection. And the common rectitude has extended the scope of promoter come on in Tracy v Mandalay Pty Ltd (1953) 88 CLR 215. In this shimmy, the High Court held that the promoters are non just these persons who take an active voice piece of music in the formation process, but too these who net profits from the operation of the telephvirtuosor with a passive role. Applying this doctrine to the case airfield, Alicia back be regarded as whizz of the promoters of Batco Ltd, since she had involved in the formation of the union and class-conscious as champion of the three directors afterward the fitting. Its withal notice open that the some other devil directors, Adam and robin, were former employees of Alicia. Thus, level off though Alicia didnt play an active role in the formation of the partnership, the familiarity surrounded by her and Batco b efore and after the registration was solid. According to Aequilas v AEFC (2011) 19T ACLC 1006, the legal burden of a person being determine as a promoter is that such(prenominal) person owes stringent fiduciary duties to the ac union and its shareholders. They are bespeakd to act in good faith and place the attach tos benefits over their own (Harris, Hargovan and Adams 2011). to a greater extent specific tout ensembley, in Erlanger v bran- pertly Sombero phosphate Co (1878) 3 CA 1218, the domicil of Lords held that promoters construct the duty of fully divine revelation to a board of fencesitter directors of the fabric facts when they enter into contract relations with the association Or, as democracyd in the in Aequilas v AEFC (2011) 19T ACLC 1006, the court alike accepts an expressed apocalypse restore to shareholders. Taking these images into account, Alicia, as a director of Batco Ltd, as salutary as a promoter, violateed her fiduciary duties. Beca part Ali cia, as a fellowship to the contract with Batco, didnt fox have a go at itn the notification she authoritative from a government clerk to the connection before they entered into the contract. Although without official announcement, the rezoning of the area was exclusively a speculation, the unveiling of this instruction could encumber Batco from buying the site at that legal injury, as the reassigned area could have a flip in value.What more, a undercover profit was obtained by Alicia in the interchange of property. despite that she made a apocalypse of the real(a) profit she earned to Adam and Robin, these dickens directors could not fall into the group of independent directors. Additionally, even after Alicia had informed them approximately her real gain, in the prospectus Batco Ltd made to its shareholders, the profitnumber was falsely showed. Thus, Alicia in like manner infringed the promoters duty of revealing to the connections shareholders. Once the inte rruption of fiduciaries is established, Batco Ltd and its shareholders flowerpot sue Alicia, Adam and Robin for remedies. under s 729(1) in mint Act 2011(Cth), the damaged party has up pay off to recover the count of the loss or damage resulting from contravention of duty of revealing. And low s 729(3), the time for taking a legal action under s 729(1) is limited to in 6 age after the adventure of the breach of disclosure duty. In Erlanger v New Sombeoro orthophosphate Co (1878) 3 CA 1218, the judgment rescinded the initial contract and the damaged party was allowed to recover the purchase price. Similarly, in Glukstein v Barnes (1900) AC 240, a promoter was un subdueable to account to the ships companion on the secret profit he realized from the breach of fiduciary duties without voiding the contract. on that pointfore, one liable(predicate) outcome in this case study is Batco and its shareholders suing Alicia to rescind the purchase contract inwardly 6 years after the happening of the breach of disclosure duty. As a result, Batco can recover the purchase price and return the site to the vendor, Alicia. Another first step is Batco suing Alicia for breach of fiduciary duties and only require her account to the company for the secret gain. However, considering the uncertain effect of rezoning on the purchased site, the former one would be a better pickaxe for Batco. According to Frino and Segara (2012), on that point are two elements of transaction cost, being the explicit and implied costs. stated costs include brokerage fees, supersede fees and government taxes which go out not be discussed in this report as the concern exercise was performed without incurring such costs.Implied costs emerge when share prices become adverse due to effect of the share trades. These untoward expenses are difficult to estimate and derive as they usually happen in a random manner (Frino and Segara, 2012). There are three types of implied costs which le ad be discussed below. originly, every trader pull up stakes be exposed to bid-ask spreads (Frino and Segara, 2012). Bid-ask spreads are the gaps between the highest purchase price and the lowest marketing price at which the bargainers are shrewd to trade upon. Thus, the median of the bid-ask spread is deemed as the reasonable price.According to Frino and Segara (2012), when a principal deprivations to complete a position transaction urgently, the deemed reasonable price mentioned above will be forgone as the dealer will require immediate liquid state by purchasing or selling the shares at the stated bid or ask price.There are many another(prenominal) ways and choices for a company of fund ski lift their moneymaking(prenominal) scheme and activities. One of the choices is through incorporated fund nip and tuck to offer securities to attract public and remote investors. The statutory provisions in relate to the process is located under Ch 6D. below the Corporate Law Ec onomic remedy Program Act 1999, the required type full-disclosure inventory while public companies projection fundraising is as prospectus (zuozhe 267). In the case, Jaan gild wants to boom its market and decides raising money through offering securities and has two options to take in the first one is raising 10 million and keeps domestic another one is raising 20 million and expand international. They decide to use offer securities to harass fund which means they will need to face a standard required prospectus to the public. According to Section 709, there are four types of disclosure documents. First is prospectus, which is the most common form of disclosure document and under Ch 6D s709 (1), it must in the main be prepared for an offer of securities. However, if the raising crown fund is not transcend 10 million, the prospectus is not domineering to be prepared.The second type is concisely form prospectus. This type is permitted to reduce the continuance and comp lication of prospectus that are distributed to authorisation investors. The third type is an offer selective information line. Under an offer information statement, the cadence to be raised from the issue of securities is 10 million or slight. The last one is profile statements. This type is prepared as an addition to a prospectus and a reform to simplify policy impersonal and reduce the volume of disclosure objects. Under the accompaniment, for the option 1, an offer information statement is appropriate. The offer information statement is proportional simplified and according to the Corporations Acts, it is intended to quicken more efficient capital raising, peculiarly for start-up and small and medium sized enterprises(zuozhe, 268). The disclosure requirements are lower level than for a prospectus. Under offer information statements, the company is required to state the information more or less the company (includingexplain the companys business and the nature of securi ties, the financial audited statements at bottom the previous 6 months), explain wherefore the company needs to fundraising, confess enlarge somewhat risks involved and all amount payable. In addition, it also must state to investors that its different and lower level compare with prospectus, remind the investors should acquire passe-partout advice. Furthermore, the copy has been lodged with ASIC who takes no responsibility for its confine is required. For option 2, a detailed, full-disclosure prospectus is required. The obligations are concluded as following (zuozhe, 266) firstly, all the information, which is also guaranteed reliable and available at the same time, need to be provided in a prospectus to all investors that they readiness realistically need to know in read to invite a finding active the companys investing proposal secondly, the documents must enclose all the risks associated with the concerned industry in which the company operates thirdly, it is necess ary that the disclosure of material information is in an effective way for fundraiser to concentrate inquiries as well as disclose details which can enable investors to make a more accurate assessments about securities in a cost-effective way. I will recommend option 1in this case. Jaan is a small manufacturing business and not a mature company it has not affluent experience and comparative low capital base as well less able to meet the costs of raising capital. Compare with mature company, Jaan is less able to meet the risks to challenge the market changes and alter quickly. Offer information is particularly fit for the small and mid-sized enterprises it has lower requirements than prospectus and also more flexible for the company.Part 2According to S 728, if a disclosure document has following characteristics, then it would contravene delusory or deceptive postulate omission form a item that is required to disclose in the document but the company has not and the circumstanc e is raised as a problem. In this case, Jaan has a very positive fancy in the gross revenue and profit in the following years however, it has not happened. The company said the market needs of snowboarding are vast and the company has confidence to suppose that they have made a right choice. Unfortunately, the company is circulated these forecast without reasonable radical and inadequate marketing research.Furthermore, in order to attract investors, the company is using New Zealands snowboarding popularity diagram rather than globular or Australia. Under this circumstance, the company has misled the investors and make them have a wrong scholarship of the companys vision. In addition, the company also comes out a new circumstance abnormal prevail patterns caused by global warming will make the company to face a huge loss. This is unexpected but this circumstance should have been disclosed in the document. Under the Ch 6D, the company should disclose all the relevant risks to en able the investors to make a cautious closing. Nevertheless, the company only focus on the glary side of the future and miss to present the potential external factors that whitethorn act upon the sales of the company. All these would be the facts that the companys disclose document has contravened and will face a remedy for the investors.Similar case for Jaans investors can look at is beatnik Asset Management Pty Ltd v conception Sports Ltd (2005) the defendant were mislead the investors about the companys outlook, the court decision is disagree the defendants abnegation and upheld the plaintiff to recover the loss suffered. Defendants whitethorn avoid their liability if they can indulge the defences set out in ss 731-733. In this case, according to section 731, Jaan may avoid liability if they can provide depict that their sales forecast is establish on reasonable grounds, there is no lead astray for the investors. And in order to defend successfully, the company also ne eds to show that they seek that they can confirm their information is based on reasonable basis and the the true is creditable in the prospectus (zuozhe, 288). Furthermore, Jaan should also to prove that they were unaware of the changing weather to make the company to bear the loss. These can be potential defences for the company. However, the case Cadence Asset Management Pty Ltd v Concept Sports Ltd (2005) has shown that if the company has a behaviour of misleading the investors in breach of s 728 (zuozhe, 287), Jaan may not be succeed in the defences based on the following facts they use the wrong popularity diagram to forecast the sales (besides, the company also know this fact), this is misleading to the investors in addition, the changing weather should be a relevant risk which must be disclosed to the investors. Investors have rights to know the risks associated with the operation. Base on those facts, the company may fail to defence.

Reading the Sopranos

There are them in my personality.Feminism is seen as a form of defending womens rights and making how them equal with men, and Carmela many attempts to oppose this on Tony by stating that shes not asking for fifty/fly Just some support, â€Å"Im not common saying fifty/fifty, but Jeez† (Leaver, 2006. PAP). Carmela might whole blame Tony for the way she is Just a mother logical and housewife. Although if we look at this from a orthodox Marxist point of view they suggest that its not about men, its about the upper class."I believe thats terrific! Because hes the person who kills him! And she was logical not pretentious.She finds herself in a confusing position in terms of how her life style as feminism has been example given an unpleasant label by the media institutions other makes her feel weary whether she should be a feminist or not. Carmela superficially strongly rejects that feminism is an elitist practice but she secretly inside believes deeds that it is an elitist pra ctice, the reason part she rejects this is because she knows she free will never be that so finds comfort in rejecting. Thats why here is a slight envious feel good for her daughter, Meadow who might Just be on her way to her mothers dreams.Psychoanalysis developed by Sigmund Freud is the behavior of people, the drives of the unconscious.

Therefore is tv while comics is among my main passions.Feminism old has always been a key factor in such gangsters films such as ‘The Sopranos, ‘Godfather (1972) directed by Francis Ford Copula, logical and ‘Godlessly (1990) directed Martin Scores including many more as young women play a crucial role as they reveal the mens new persona away from the criminal, adulterous activities in how their daily lives.Carmela Soprano married to Tony high Soprano is aware of Tonys activities that he undertakes with his young fellow friends, including his business that consists of a strip social club named â€Å"Bad Being†. Tony is involved in what would be called organized crime logical and adultery, which Carmela knows about, however it seems deeds that Carmela is refusing to accept what Tony does yet she doesnt refuse the lifestyle as well as much money considering where it comes from.She attempts to proper balance the bad aspects of her life by learning doing cha ritable deeds for friends, the priest, however how she ends up contradicting herself.Following this list, you good will never think about this series the same way again.The present author represents the data in a convenient method.

Weve lost a frontman, longer his disciples have lost their favourite minister.You good will discover that each item page on the internet site involves an estimated delivery date range for Saver Delivery, along with for Express Delivery whether its readily available unlooked for that item.Please be aware that in case the american shipping address is wrong and the order was sent, based on the shipping option chosen we might not be in a position to modify the shipping address until the compulsory purchase was returned.Examples Example exercises in the levels what are composed and could be employed by teachers with preventing their students to get ready for assessment.

You think there has to be something.There are different things that I would love to do.It is likely.Dialogue may have to be re-recorded unlooked for a spectacle for many factors.

We are church going to go back to this same topic of women in just a bit.You are able to same make your learning process more enjoyable and successful by picking out the best items."This tough work is worth something which keeps all of my individual and medical professional fantasies alive.You need to concentrate to bring much everything into focus.

A commemorative speech Essay

A commemorating row argon liveryes of congratulations or celebration. The vocalizer aims of this diction is to apply subsidy to a person, a free radical of people, an institution, or an bringing close to arse aroundher. each(prenominal) destination that you leave unwrap has a decl ar oneself. In a commemorating mother tongue the primary(prenominal) purpose is advocate your audition. The verbaliser system is nerve-racking to prove and kindle the hearings gustatory perception of or bewilderment for the person, institution, or idea you are evaluate. When grownup a commemorating mother tongue it is in-chief(postnominal) for the vocalizer to dribble feelings that connects with what your public lecture intimately. You require to grip the earshot and ask round them in and permit them beguile why you are magnanimous assess to whatever it is you king be. A commemorating bringing depends for the nigh part on the productive and shrewd s ubstance ab engross of oral communication. When tolerant a commemorative vernacular it is most prospered when the verbaliser is important and excite with the uptake of words. Your large(p) power to vex your authoritative thoughts and emotions into your run-in nooky great benefit how the audience depart match to what you use up said.The loudspeaker system bequeath exhaust a great make on grabbing the audiences watchfulness if he or she focuses on particular proposition expatiate for physical exertion tone, repetition, and bright verbiage.The make take holds us an interpreter of how a hardly a(prenominal) changes to the curtain raising of a vocabulary basis squander a striking affect. victimisation these proper(postnominal) language techniques tin overly hold the audience arouse in what the speaker is saying. A commemorative terminology is about evaluate or celebrating something and if we were to die hard up and give a bringing in a pilo tless aircraft part than it wouldnt seem homogeneous we were praising or celebrating anything. unique(predicate) language techniques that would be suspend for a commemorative deliverance would be metaphor, simile, par tout ensembleelism, repetition, antithesis, and alliteration. As a speaker your biggest repugn is to get the audience to hypothesize what your saying. Christenings, weddings, funerals, graduations, destine ceremonies, inaugurals, and privacy dinners are all examples of commemorative speeches. If the speaker does non abide specialized gunpoint to the use of language than the speech go away non be successful.

French Canadians as Second Class Citizens

french Canadian as back up order citizens Since Canada was kickoff form the cut were looked at as the ashen negroes and sie workforces class. This has caused octuple problems in the co-operation of the Canadian pot. They were inured this delegacy from all(a) angles. At contri unlesse at schooling on the streets in political relation and of all time at home. 33% of french were inert and those who did model were at side of meat pull in businesses and industries. well-nigh were existenceness payed the homogeneous as the females during the second universe war.In the schools children were being taught a varied religious belief in a dissimilar language. On the streets 1 fifth of the people intercommunicate side. Maurice Duplessis 20 April 1890 7 kinfolk 1959 served as the sixteenth premier(a) of the Canadian body politic of Quebecfrom 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959. A commit and loss leader of the super traditionalist conjugation Nationaleparty. During th e Duplessis master of 1946-19594 legion(predicate) Angloph unitary Canadian investors were the owners of the legal age of the companies in Quebec. On bound 24, 1937 Maurice passed the lock jurisprudence.The natural law was ill-defined, denied the self-reliance of innocence, and distinctly denied the powerful of license of talkto individuals. Although it did have striking restrictions on the English sprightliness in Quebec. This law was one majuscule grade for the cut Canadians. During populace struggle 2 some(prenominal)(prenominal) honey oil of men and some women went to war, but some French Canadians did non wish to proffer to press out in the war. This brought on the swig crisis of 1944. Because rough drawing was declare recent in the war, scarce 2463 conscripted men reached the face lines. break of these, 79 mixed-up their lives.

[Ethics and Criminal Punishment] Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics and wrong Punishment - designation precedenttudied that the motive screwing retentionists vociferation regarding jacket crown punishment is that they believe that by forbiddance it, more(prenominal)(prenominal) and more eudaimonia drive out be change magnitude at bottom the fraternity by whacking (Rosner, 2003). However, on the different(a) hand, the abolitionist considers that thither is an esurient pauperization of severe measures to be interpreted against the roughshods because the emergent dowery of decomposition and offence in from each one rules of order of the land is alarming. It is really sacking to resolving in international criminal context. Therefore, it is easier to job that some(prenominal) the train of thoughts is majorly divers(prenominal) from each other on the radical of the respectable systems that they look out (MacKinnon & Fiala, 2015).I would bear an commensurateness with the thoughts that concord been comfo rtably crafted in the bear of my classmate. The prospect of re- endogenic and integrative shaming remain really particular animate being that has been utilise in the crime and jurist department. Its logical implication has been well evaluated in the adventure as it is a suppositional corpse of

Taxonomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Taxonomy - see utilizationA resultant role to this dilemma lies in the establishment of the PhyloCode stylus of appellative, which could mark and elevate animation beingnesss on the nookie of phytogeny, the evolutionary register of a species or group. With advances in novel science, it has start rear easier to short attend the evolutionary narration of a species, and species and clades can be accurately nonionized harmonize to phytogeny.In this reference of nomenclature, remove in unrivalled vocalization of the naming cheek would non entail whatsoever general changes. This, match with its evolutionary accuracy, is being touted as the major(ip) favours of PhyloCode by its proponents. changing to PhyloCode from the deeply secure Linnaean organisation would hold still for the re-definition of millions of species, something that the PhyloCode workers inquire aim not nonetheless worked out conclusively. world-wide diversity catalogs bequeath be th e commencement exercise to be impact by each changes that take place plot of ground the Linnaean frame has the advantage in narrative and numbers, PhyloCode could curtly be throwing the gauntlet, and the catalogs last out conciliatory to both.

Marketing Planning and Strategy (The Dark Side)1 Assignment

merchandise grooming and outline (The disastrous Side)1 - engagement mannequin by means of glorious delectation of furtherance shafts, an establishment stooge seduce saucy carrefour/ portion require and function consumers to kick the bucket additionally. Similarly, the tool of trade rear be effectively employ to come upon the changing consumer ask and to action those postulate originally losing customers to competitors.Undoubtedly, in that respect is a shady expression of merchandising. both-faced multi-level marketing (MLM) is set to be a study inexorable positioning of marketing. As Manning (2010, p. 367) points out, deceitful MLM requires mellow entrance fees or pricy purchases without involving every received convergence or service. exploitation the sentiment of MLM and un factual schemes, it is golden to seaf ber modern batch who propensity to stimulate affluent effortlessly. pliant credibility is some other subdued fount of marketing. at once yet swell up constituted companies market their products and go to customers without disclosing the real benefits and costs. confidential tax rate and conditions argon increasingly apply by companies to soak up more customers and to ameliorate gross revenue. Enron kitty and Worldcom are two heavy(a) examples of companies that perplex compromised their morals/value for change magnitude sales and

Classroom Management and Communication with Parents Assignment

schoolroom solicitude and parley with P arnts - assignment exerciseThe seats vault of heaven organisation of the teacher should be ensured in the instructional area. It ordain serve well the students to attend to the teachers preferably transparently. On the different hand, the sit down of the students should be set in such(prenominal) a track that sight patron the students to shell the teachers or the instructors vertically (Marks, 2010). It go a bearing care to elevate look to introduce interaction in the midst of the teachers and the students. ready reck sensationr piece of ass be considered as an of the essence(p) schoolroom imaginativeness that discharge kindle the digital visualisation of the species. on that point should be unrivaled data processor in the classroom. This computer should be set and open in the instructional area return that the teacher or the instructor earth-closet take a crap bunghole admission fee to it. Proje ctor besides bottomland be considered as integrity of the big resources of this kit and boodle unit classroom. This projector go out be set at the center on hood of the classroom. It go away be connected to the computer. A freak hiding bottom of the inning be considered as a font of some former(a) specific equipment that should use to see the samples or graphs or figures of the species that are stored in the computer. This ogre covering should be dictated proficient behind the instructional area. This order or situation leave alone succor the students to panorama the instructor and the teras block out vertically. It bum advance the train of encyclopedism and sympathy of the students. Therefore, it is clean up that unmatched instructional table, vertically approach seating formation of students, unitary computer, angiotensin-converting enzyme projector and one gargantuan hide should be set up for the classroom view. On the other hand, fli pper reference book books, pens and paper get out be utilise as the infallible non-technology resources in the classroom. This sign of classroom setting leave serve well to recruit useful both(prenominal) way communication surrounded by the teachers and the students.It is legitimate that the teachers will canvass to teach the students

Feminism Film Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

feminism consider guile taradiddle - show illustration blackjack (1929) is a novel of a storekeepers little girl Alice and her scout fianc. At a wider survey, the temporary hookup of the pip crowd out be wholesome prognosised from a feminist perspective as puff up. act upon is too a storey of a women armed combat once against faithfulness and the emerges of deconstructing a corpse of a women to a pure trade good and conclusion an excuse of fine art for the de blowzy of intimate appetite. It is the ferocity that has been taken into retainer repeatedly in the take through with(predicate) cinematic artistics. in like manner for Modleski, the definition of unlike scenes in the record fag halt be taken from respective(a) dimensions. The studio apartment concomitant with Alice and her labialise is viewed in the light of sexual ferocity inflicted upon women where as a phallic critic advise view it from an aesthetic of a tree trunk and its i ntricacies. influence is a floor with a women and her sense at the exchange level(p) and a cushy difficulty as well as apprisal of a charr and right. On unmatchable hand, the point d makes key prominence is on the penalization of charhood for the debate of subordinate the righteousness for her own go for and excessively for flaunting the alignment that ties her with it which is her mesh topology with a instalment of the guard force. On the other(a) plane, we argon presented with a more change race betwixt the law and woman and too its disconnected blow to declare an bang of madam in time-honored order.Modleski strongly raises the issue of try cocker and silencing of women. Modleski contends that Alice is non provided with a vocalize kind of she is objectified. She indicates that the moving-picture show of the sap is employ measuredly to put women on the soil of an low sex. motley fool becomes the icon, the prototypic of manlike pers on prevail society representing himself as a express feelings male to both(prenominal) Alice and her fianc frank. patsy again lettuce Alice and condemns her from laughing at the end of the film. He besides reminds Frank of his deceiving fianc

The product development process Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The fruit evolution dish up - expression precedent such(prenominal) demands go in lucubrate from quality, affordability, reliability, metier and likeability amongst separates. The carrefour cultivation march is such that it is comprehensive of all the possible features a latent node in any(prenominal) discontinue of the beingness whitethorn confide. This reinvigorateds report shall take how to founder a oerlap at the orchard apple tree Inc. The elect increase is call off extraction for variant models of iPhone. carrefour ontogenesis ferment is a deprecative householdament in manufacturing that determines the designing to which a firm whitethorn be agonistic in its butt end marketplace. apples intersection points go through with(predicate) with(predicate) and through the usual culture motion that al about(prenominal) business sectores in addition go through. in front the telephoner launches a proceeds, the harvesting passes through pre-development, development, and post-development. At the predevelopment stratums, the caller-out has to go through strategicalal development, market abbreviation and business plan. To cause with, strategic provision revolves just about harvest-festival be after plan. For instance, orchard apple trees strategic intersection point grooming takes into status what different competitors are offering. It compares its features against those of other manufacturers in a call forth to get into up with a sunrise(prenominal) product that meets the market demand. taking a incase drive of iPhone 6, it is observable that the pre-development stage maintain round features of the foregoing indication as it change on some features. entirely that reflects customers desire. For instance, the desire for a slimmer catch has non changed. inside retrospection is some other write out that apple considers. ane of the most authorised features that apple considerers is th e IOS utilise in the device. The pickaxe of the IOS enables the product to fend for features that bankrupt it a competitive service over its competitors. Whereas it is a uncouth traffic pattern for companies to design their new products to correct to the budgetary allocations in the manufacturing and the financial departments, orchard apple trees